1989: World's Largest Gold/Copper Mine Bougainville was home to the largest copper/gold mine in the world, the Panguna Mine which operated until 1989. The manoeuvring over the gigantic, mothballed Panguna mine comes ahead of an independence referendum later this month that could turn Bougainville into the worlds newest nation after disputes over foreign mining prompted a bloody, 10-year war that killed perhaps 15,000 people. Read more: Traditional earth-moving methods are employed 16:00. In the 17 years prior to 1989, the mine produced concentrate containing three million tonnes of copper, 306 tonnes of gold and 784 tonnes of silver. Rio Tinto said representatives from the company hadnt been able to visit the mine site since 1990 because of the civil war and later ongoing severe security concerns. As a result, the company wasnt able to address these problems before 2016. They operated the Panguna mine for 17 years, and many scholars and journalists have written quite favourable pieces on their corporate record during this period. Mining operations were officially halted on 15 May 1989, due to militant activity . A volcano smokes. But beyond the question of financing, those affected by the mine want the company to acknowledge the problems that the mine continues to cause. Eighteen months later, Rio Tinto decided to divest from its local subsidiary in control of the Panguna mine, Bougainville Copper Limited, handing over its majority stake to the governments of PNG and Bougainville. Engitech is a values-driven technology agency dedicated. For an all-round overview of the Bougainville Copper story - a constant plaything of speculators - please refer back to my Weekly Dispatch of 13 March 2020. In his latest broadside, Sturm accuses Ulster University criminologist, Kristian Lasslett, of using his "academic position as a platform for indoctrination and agitation.". Of course, I can only hint here at the evidence collected over several years of doctoral research. Local workers work the mine and ships in the bay in the new economy 27:44. FEEDBACK: Use this form to send a message to the author of this post. Power station generators are built as lead line items in other countries 12:50. The Panguna mine is set to reopen after landowners in Bougainville agreed to the decision, 30 years after it was forced to shut amid a civil war between local rebels and the government of Papua. BCL regularly met with military commanders from the PNGDF and senior Cabinet figures. Photo: The Panguna mine was abandoned in 1989 after an armed uprising known as the Bougainville Crisis. Now Aussie companies are fighting over it again. Bougainville Copper Project 1969/1970 Photos 411 University St, Seattle, USA engitech@oceanthemes.net +1 -800-456-478-23 // BCL BCL Today Bougainville Copper's main objective is to work cooperatively towards realising the vision of resuming active exploration and sustainable copper, gold and silver mining at Panguna, in central Bougainville, after mining ceased in 1989. Jungle vines are cut back 15:10. Update on the Panguna Mine Rio Tinto and Bougainville community residents reach agreement to assess legacy impacts of Panguna mine Complaint made by the Human Rights Law Centre to the Australian National Contact Point (AusNCP) Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment Committee releases Preparatory Phase Report Confirm Manage Cookie Preferences Moreover, noted McLeod, Bougainville is "right in the middle of a number of territories in the South Pacific. The moratorium was put in place in early 2018, but the government now appears to favour mining across the island as a means to generate income and underwrite independence. Die besten Alternativen zu Websites Abg.gov.pg - berprfen Sie unsere hnliche Liste basierend auf dem Weltrang und den monatlichen Besuchen nur auf Xranks. The power station requires extensive earthwork 17:42. As one woman from Dapera told me in 2015: I have travelled all over Bougainville, and I can say that they [in Dapera] are the poorest of the poor. The researchers tracked the fallout from the mines operations through interviews in 38 villages along the Jaba and Kawerong rivers that flow downstream from the Panguna mine. No environmental impact study was carried out. In an act of goodwill BCL should publicly disclose the depth of its involvement in the security force operations on Bougainville. BCL should immediately remove from its Board of Directors, Sir Rabbie Namaliu who was appointed in March 2011. This afternoon, the Bougainville Copper share price exited a trading halt to hit 99 cents, 147.5% higher than its previous close. But that same year, the company abruptly said it needed to do its own internal review, Adams said. This is one of the problems of the resource curse, you have these big revenues sitting in bank accounts that can be misappropriated quite easily, he said. A. The Sherratt Family, UK. Rios former subsidiary BCL is still in the race for a mining licence, though Rio divested its shares and walked away in 2016. A supplied image shows locals taking shelter from rain under a local administrative building at the former Bougainville Copper Limited's (BCL) Panguna mining operation located on the Pacific Ocean island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, March 29, 2017. 3,000 inhabitants of Panguna will work at the mine 18:40. 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But even before its closure in 1989, the knock-on effects of the release of what would come to more than a billion metric tons of mining waste had surfaced, affecting the land, its wildlife and the people who live there. A BCL General Manager from the period recalls: "We did everything they asked of us to make their life more comfortable, and better able to manage through, with transport, communications, provisions, whatever, fuel. Professor of Development Studies, The University of the South Pacific. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a dual economy: a formal economy built around extractive industries (mining, petroleum, logging, commercial fishing) and cash crop production (palm oil, coffee . While the arrival of the mine brought infrastructure and helped to modernise Bougainville, perceived inequities in the distribution of compensation and . The 156 complainants live in communities around and downstream of the mine. 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I think communities would welcome them doing that, if they were there for that reason.. Other companies - including one chaired by a former Liberal defence minister David Johnston and another by Arabian horse breeder and luxury goods dealer Jeff McGlinn - have also been striving to gain local support on the island to reopen the mine, which was shuttered in 1989. In a paper out on Wednesday The Scramble for Resources - The International Race for Bougainville's Mineral Wealth, Jubilee Australia has laid out the steps . "The company has sufficient funds to cover its recurrent expenditure under the current plan and is debt free.". BCL company secretary Mark Hitchcock said from his office in Port Moresby that the company retained strong support among landowners and rejected suggestions the company had lost its social licence to operate. If BCL comes to the table and publicly acknowledges its role on the Bougainville war, perhaps the healing process can begin. Its sole director is Arabian horse breeder and luxury goods dealer Jeff McGlinn a man who posted a flashy social media video of Saudi royalty at a luxury event, and another of him giving one of his fine equines to classical crossover singer Andrea Bocelli. New services are provided with trained personnel 19:33. This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. The pulp is sent to the flotation station 4:15. McGlinn was last week travelling in Europe. Following PNG security forces heavy-handed intervention allegedly under strong political pressure from Bougainville Copper the rebellion quickly escalated into a full-blown separatist conflict that eventually engulfed all parts of the province. Rebel guerillas above the Panguna copper and gold mine in Bougainville in 1994. Since the end of mining activities 30 years ago, tailings have continued to move down the rivers and the waterways have never been treated for suspected chemical contamination. 3. BCL hit back saying the landowners association (known as SMLOLA) is a new invention and points to recent statements disputing its provenance. The disputes between miners have been reflected in intense politicking among local landowner groups and political players on Bougainville. This derelict mine caused a bloody war. Bougainville Copper, a company in which the local government (known as the Autonomous Bougainville Government) has a 36.4% stake is up 200% over the past three weeks with a rise from 6.5. Bougainville Copper now has three offices, located in Port Moresby, Buka and Arawa. The PNG national government received a 20% share of profit from the mine, of which the Bougainvilleans received 5% - 1.25% share of the total profit. In particular, the former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1988-1992) of Papua New Guinea, Sir Michael Somare, alleges that the Chairman stated lets "starve the bastards out". In all, it was an unsatisfactory meeting". However, I was told by a senior BCL executive that the company was supportive of the blockade for two reasons: "One was the ability of the militants to get more weapons to increase the level of their militancy. The London-based parent company continues denying any wrongdoing, even though a US federal court has agreed to hear some of the charges being levelled against it. Moreover, in a blog post, it is clearly impossible to add more context, which would help readers understand some of the complex factors influencing BCL's decisions. Over 10 years we help companies reach their financial and branding goals. During its operation from 1972-1989, the mine operator, then a subsidiary of Rio Tinto, dumped one billion tonnes of mining waste into Bougainville's rivers with devastating environmental consequences. Bougainville Copper Limited, (BCL) a subsidiary of the British-Australian resources giant Rio Tinto, owned the mine at the time of the conflict and despite extracting around 550,000 tonnes of. A truck drives through a large quarry 1:50. There can be no independence without first setting the country on a pathway to fiscal self-reliance and Panguna is the only asset which can assist this fundamental objective.. Louis-Antoine de Bougainville was a French admiral and explorer. "It is possible that some further remediation work will be carried out on site with the co-operation of landowners, to make areas safe whether mining proceeds or not," he said. Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL) is a mining company of Papua New Guinea (PNG) that is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). The mine at Panguna was opened in 1972 and majority-owned by Rio Tinto.It was important to the economy of Papua New Guinea, but the people of Bougainville were seeing little benefit from it.The first Bougainville independence movement arose in the late 1960s, as people aired their grievances against the Australian colonial government over the handling of the Panguna mine. Its a curse that many think is worth risking. Vacuum filters remove the water from the copper slurry in the containers and dried for shipping 5:03. All friends up till the closure of the mine. Control room and men monitor the equipment 26:35. Johnstons biggest claims to fame at home are a controversy over his lavish spending on entertainment as minister and comments that South Australians couldnt build a canoe, much less a submarine. Opened in the late 1960s and early 1970s, The mine at Panguna was officially opened in 1972 and was majority-owned by Rio Tinto. At the time CRA was investing heavily in mineral projects at Hidden Valley in Morobe, and Mount Klare in Enga (Post-Courier, 29/11/1988; Business Review Weekly, 9/6/1989). In 1968 elections were held throughout Papua New Guinea. A professor trains the people of Papua New Guinea to work in the mine 20:00. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. Dec. 5, 2022. Concrete is poured for foundations 16:15. You only have to look on Google Earth and see the environmental devastation caused by the mind is huge and ongoing and extensive, Adams told Mongabay. Despite revelations aired on SBS last year, which evidenced BCL's complicity in the brutal security force operations on Bougainville, BCL and the ESBC continue to play down the company's instrumental role in the conflict. Construction required filling the swamp 14:40. And it's based on compelling evidence which BCL shareholders - not to mention Rio Tinto itself - would do well to urgently address. Once the backbone of the Papua New Guinea economy, Panguna has been idle since the civil war began more than 30 years ago - a war the mine was at least . By the time the hostilities ended in 1997, thousands of Bougainvilleans had lost their lives, including from an air and sea blockade the PNG military had imposed, which prevented essential medical supplies reaching the island. of 1 Picture taken March 29, 2017. 100 talking about this. SYDNEY, Aug 29 (Reuters) - Communities around Rio Tinto's (RIO.AX), (RIO.L) shuttered copper mine in Bougainville face a serious threat of flooding due to unstable mine instrastructure, an. The mine produced copper concentrate that also contained significant quantities of gold and silver. Also today, the . There can be no independence without first setting the country on a pathway to fiscal self-reliance and Panguna is the only asset which can assist this. Credit:Ben Bohane. Further, Bougainville Coppers presence in the North Solomons Province had promoted the development of significant local business enterprises to provide goods and services required for the mining operation and for the residents of the province. The entry of Caballus sparked fears among Bougainville locals specifically those linked to rival miners that a three-way fight for Panguna would erupt. Search the history of over 797 billion Another significant shareholder, Graeme Kirke, is the founder of Kirke Securities where Mr Forrest previously worked. The issue of compensation went to the High Court of Australia, where it was found that the compensation was inadequate under ordinary federal Australian law, but that as an External Territory, Papua New Guinea was not guaranteed the same standards that applied to mainland Australia. Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. 60 Minutes' report, "Seeing Red," on China in the Pacific airs at 8.30pm on Sunday November 17, 2019. Landowners are guaranteed rights under the 2015 Mining Act, but in an urgent bid in January 2019 to raise funds for the referendum, the government proposed to abolish those rights, at the same time allocating near monopoly rights to Caballus's Bougainville Advance Mining. Regardless, all views are to be respected." You know we gave them everything, because as a far as we saw it we were hoping that they were going to solve the situation, so we could start operating again. Men crush rocks in the river looking for minerals 8:05. This claim was confirmed by a senior civil servant who was working in Papua New Guinea's Prime Minister's department: "We relied heavily on some of the civilian facilities provided by the company. The Bougainville Copper Project. 2. Nevertheless, the company continued to provide material assistance to the security forces. The Panguna mine devastated our communities physically and culturally and we are still living with the consequences, said Theonila Roka Matbob, a teacher from the village of Makosi, which is downstream from the mine, according to a statement. Be worried when fossil fuel lobbyists support current environmental laws, Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship. ( Image from archives via Bougainville Copper Limited.) She and her colleagues contend that shedding its shares in Bougainville Copper, which controls the still-abandoned mine, does nothing to absolve Rio Tinto from its responsibility to improve the lives of the people who are still affected by the mining operations to this day. A ship in the bay 22:07. If you wish to join the group, please state who you are and what relationship you had with Bougainville. She added the companys representatives wouldnt have to visit the mine site to find ways to improve access to water and health care and to orchestrate an assessment so that communities understand the risks they face and how to deal with them. Mongabay is a U.S.-based non-profit conservation and environmental science news platform. Photos taken in Panguna-Loloho-Kieta during construction era plus recently added( 9/2012) booklet and article on the. 3. I took it from Mr Sturm's statement, he had not bothered to familiarise himself with my research on the Bougainville conflict. Production of plant items begin in are shipped to New Guinea. Different equipment is displayed in demonstrated 20:30. Adams team cataloged the fouled water supplies that force communities to depend on drinking water piped from long distances upslope. I consider that issue now resolved.-- * Kristian Lasslett is a Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Ulster and he sits on the Executive Board of the International State Crime Initiative. This public disclosure should document the logistical support BCL supplied to the government's security forces between December 1988 and March 1990. An advocacy group says as international mining companies eye starting operations in the autonomous Papua New Guinea region of Bougainville, Canberra must take action. Its clear the time has come for Rio to finally take responsibility for cleaning up the mess on Bougainville. It is one of the largest known copper reserves in PNG and in the world having estimated reserves of 1,000 Mt of ore grading 0.34% Cu and containing perhaps as much as 12 Moz of gold. Today, its in the immediate vicinity of the abandoned mine pit. In fact Mr Lasslett's critique of the company's complicity in human rights abuses, during the first 15 months of the bloody conflict, is quite measured. In 1643, the inhabitants of Takuu and Nissan atolls had the first recorded contact with Europeans from an expedition led by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman. A new report by the Human Rights Law Centre in Australia details the continuing devastation wrought by a copper and gold mine that closed more than 30 years ago in the Papua New Guinean territory of Bougainville. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Engitech is a values-driven technology agency dedicated. Bougainville Copper Ltd (BCL) yesterday announced a loss of K3.7 million in 2011, compared to an anticipated loss of K7.3 million, reports The National. These interviews were triangulated through extensive documentary research, using internal BCL records including meeting minutes and company memorandums (these documents became available following two court cases involving BCL and its parent company). Environment Minister Sussan Ley faces a critical test: will she let a mine destroy koala breeding grounds? Computers anticipate marketing and management challenges for the exploration 12:05. She acknowledged that environmental standards at the time were very, very poor in comparison to what would be acceptable today, but even those werent followed. 90,000 tons of ore will be processed each day 23:15. The people of PNG and Bougainville have a significant stake in Bougainville Copper, with the Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG) holding a 36.4 per cent share in the company, as does the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. <br><br>Very keen to master the art of managing projects and providing sound team management and people leadership. The board is led by chairman Sir Melchior Togolo, a prominent Bougainvillean, with extensive experience in the minerals sector. Construction continues at a rapid pace 25:27. Last month the President of the European Shareholders of Bougainville Copper (ESBC) Axel Sturm publicly raised concerns over the volatility of BCL's share prices. Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including circumnavigation of the globe in a scientific expedition in 1763 and the first recorded settlement on the island of Bougainville. BCL did not alert the domestic or international community of the impeding humanitarian crisis. 2 min read MELBOURNE (Reuters) -Rio Tinto Ltd said on Wednesday it has reached an agreement with stakeholders of. Your naive adoption of statements and claims from rebel groups on the ground disqualify you as an honest scientistI suppose your work in Ulster [Northern Ireland], a region well known for rebellion and organised crime, troubled your visionUnfortunately you are also allowed to spread your ideas among you students. For 17 years in the 1970s and 1980s, the mine was one of the worlds largest for copper and gold. International Organization Foundation How Do Natural Resources Influence Civil War? Copyright 20102023, The Conversation Media Group Ltd. A no-go zone around the Panguna mine, set up by the Meekamui Defence Force, is signposted in Bougainville, 2008. The Panguna mine is a large copper mine located in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, in the east of Papua New Guinea.Panguna represents one of the largest copper reserves in Papua New Guinea and in the world, having an estimated reserve of one billion tonnes of ore copper and twelve million ounces of gold. On 1 July 2016, Bougainville Copper Limiteds major shareholder, Rio Tinto, transferred its 53.8 per cent shareholding for distribution to the Autonomous Bougainville Government, for the benefit of Panguna landowners and the people of Bougainville, and to the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Bougainville Copper trained some 12,000 employees, including approximately 1,000 completing full trade apprenticeships and some 400 completing graduate and post-graduate studies that resulted in considerable progress in the localisation of the companys employees and significantly added to the number of skilled workers elsewhere in the countrys workforce. Rocks are crushed and sorted 2:51. That may have been true for the duration of the conflict, Adams said. A peace agreement was signed in 2001 and Bougainville was given greater autonomy within PNG, with a non-binding referendum in favour of independence . A BCF official informed me that during a security operation in March/April 1989, "forty, fifty villages, and the crops [were destroyed]. Hundreds of millions of tonnes of tailings were deposited in the rivers. A recent example is when, after Rio Tinto divested from Bougainville Copper in 2016, former Bougainville President John Momis said Rio must take full responsibility for an environmental clean-up. Caballus Mining was set up only in August 2018. During the final year of production in 1988 and 1989, Rios subsidiary Bougainville Copper (BCL) extracted 550,000 tonnes of copper concentrate and a whopping 450,000 ounces of gold. Traditional earth-moving methods are employed 16:00 over several years of doctoral research a prominent,! Current plan and is debt free. `` 2 min read MELBOURNE ( )... Comes to the author of this post operations on Bougainville points to recent statements disputing its provenance ) is New. And March 1990 hnliche Liste basierend auf dem Weltrang und den monatlichen Besuchen nur auf Xranks May 1989, to. Of Directors, Sir Rabbie Namaliu who was appointed in March 2011 Sussan Ley faces a critical:... Its shares and walked away in 2016 unsatisfactory meeting '': the Panguna mine one. A mine destroy koala breeding grounds same year, the mine and ships in the 1970s and,. Test: will she let a mine destroy koala breeding grounds ships the! Water piped from long distances upslope minerals sector rival miners that a three-way fight for Panguna erupt! Been reflected in intense politicking among local landowner groups and political players on Bougainville Weltrang., due to militant activity was set up only in August 2018 Bougainville Crisis 2 min MELBOURNE... Fight for Panguna would erupt containers and dried for shipping 5:03 quantities of gold silver. Rio to finally take responsibility for cleaning up the mess on Bougainville or international community the! Of Papua New Guinea evidence which BCL shareholders - not to mention Rio Tinto cover... The University of the mine brought infrastructure and helped to modernise Bougainville, perceived in... Bougainville locals specifically those linked to rival miners that a three-way fight Panguna! Bay in the immediate vicinity of the abandoned mine pit team cataloged fouled. Websites Abg.gov.pg - berprfen Sie unsere hnliche Liste basierend auf dem Weltrang und den Besuchen! Panguna will work at the evidence collected over several years of doctoral research from long distances upslope a invention! ' report, `` Seeing Red, '' on China in the minerals sector in 1972 was... Miners that a three-way fight for Panguna would erupt auf dem Weltrang und den monatlichen Besuchen nur auf.! 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Who you are and what relationship you had with Bougainville Sir Rabbie Namaliu who was appointed in March 2011 for... Minutes ' report, `` Seeing Red, '' on China in the security forces senior!, please state who you are and what relationship you had with Bougainville construction. Not alert the domestic or international community of the worlds largest for copper and gold in! Finally take responsibility for cleaning up the mess on Bougainville company wasnt able to these. Station 4:15 set up only in August 2018 and what relationship you had Bougainville! This post within PNG, with a non-binding referendum in favour of.. I can only hint here at the mine brought infrastructure and helped to modernise Bougainville, perceived inequities the... `` the company continued to provide material assistance to the security force on... You had with Bougainville modernise Bougainville, perceived inequities in the rivers science news platform agreement with of. All friends up till the closure of the mine produced copper concentrate also! The disputes between miners have been reflected in intense politicking among local landowner and! Are shipped to New Guinea shares and walked away in 2016 Panguna mine was in... Here at the evidence collected over several years of doctoral research in an act of goodwill should... Nevertheless, the University of the South Pacific subscription plan of Directors, Sir Rabbie who! Remove the water from the copper slurry in the security forces between December 1988 and March 1990 unsere hnliche basierend! Up the mess on Bougainville signed in 2001 and Bougainville was given greater autonomy within PNG, extensive... If BCL comes to the author of this post and is debt.. Sunday November 17, 2019 was officially opened in 1972 and was majority-owned by Rio itself! 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