These 81 years extended from Mississippi's frontier days during the period of grace and plenty before the Civil War, and through the South's darkest hours after the war. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. The 1860 slave census shows 52 slaves on Fish Haul. Got me excited. We sold all the negros 43 in number at astonishingly large prices the whole amounting to $32016. But Woods name never made it into the history books. Left for home 4th Feby 1864. On Sunday attended church in forenoon, saw a fistfight in eve, & a company pass having in charge nine deserters. [1] [2] [3] The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. They led me to archives in nine states in search of her story, which I tell in full for the first time in my new book, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. Most rural enslaved people were owned by masters who had 10-20 enslaved people, who often were housed in closer proximity to masters, perhaps sharing housing, and perhaps having access to closer relations with their masters than plantation slaves had. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they persuaded Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himself provided he could get her. More on Mandys child. "Brandon was a very rich man," Wood later said. Often there was a human connection, and they grew up with these people, and they recorded their birth dates and deaths. On April 17, 1878, 12 white jurors entered a federal courtroom in Cincinnati to deliver the verdict in a now-forgotten lawsuit about American slavery. Today, many reparations advocates look to legislation, targeting governments for their complicity in slavery and white supremacy. Brandon Plantation, one of the nation's oldest working farms along the James River in Prince George County, was sold to a family in Florida for $17.8 million. The Liberator: A Weekly Newspaper Devoted to the Cause of Good Government and the Advancement of the American Negro, Los Angeles, California, 29 November 1912, page 5. And when the carriage finally rolled to a stop outside of Covington, Wards men were waiting. As one put it, Wood's award was "not a liberal equivalent for the loss of liberty" she had suffered, but it would "be applicable to a great many cases yet untried.". Begins November 2 & 3 entry, attends a public sale of someones effects. (The plantations were part of his wife's dowry.) Brandon Hall Plantation was built in 1856 outside of Natchez. She would one day recall that period of her life as a sweet taste of liberty.. But these people were writing down their inventory as if you would for insurance purposes. In 1889, he was one of the first African-American graduates of what became Northwestern Universitys School of Law. In November 2015, I retraced some of this route by car when coming back from Natchez. Thinks about people at home. Brooding about home. "I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. W. Caleb McDaniel February 27, 2023 By restaurants on the water in st clair shores. Descendants of slave owners, slaves and freed slaves listen to a history of the plantation. Severe rain and wind. is brandon hall plantation haunted? Begins September 15 entry. CROSS THAT RIVER continues in New York for a limited engagement through Sunday, Dec. 31 at the 59E59 Theaters (59 East 59th Street, between Madison and Park Avenues). After her suit, she moved with her son to Chicago. But Wood's award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. The park like setting, private walking trails, and stocked pond allow for a secluded get-away. Mentions great opposition to new comers particularly with large numbers of negroes, adds that Deming had incured the displeasure of the people around him by furnishing supplies to a Mississippian. Returns to find Dud, jack S, Mose, Diceys & Lucys babys quite sick, Difficulty of keeping enslaved people well because they will eat imprudently & in evry way keep themselves sick. His next ferry payment was to cross the Red River on July 11, likely on his way out of Alexandria. His ancestors were slaves here, but the longtime math and science teacher at McComb High School felt no anger or bitterness. Historic house in Mississippi, United States, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Mississippi, The Clarion-Ledger: Historic house donated to Natchez foundation, Official website for Brandon Hall Plantation, History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandon_Hall_(Washington,_Mississippi)&oldid=1090743436, Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Mississippi, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 03:54. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine ( photo 1; photo 2 ) Sanderson is also listed in weaver1945, 109, as a Mississippi planter who owned around $222,000 worth of property in Louisiana., Could be a reference to Henrietta Wood. For centuries, a story of a haunted tree has been attached to Comingtee. Gerard Brandon (1818-1874) was the Mississippi planter who purchased Henrietta Wood and then took her to Robertson County, Texas, during the Civil War. Report of a Mrs. This list is by no means complete. A native Kentuckian who had recently moved to Covington, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ward became a deputy sheriff in 1853. All rights reserved. Few white Americans wished to dwell on those evils. On November 15** went ot hear a Mr. Mulberry Hill and White Hall Plantations, located in Bryan County, Georgia, had more than 130 slaves when Richard James Arnold took over in 1823. When she died in 1912, her suit was already forgotten by all except her son. Some pictures of the Brandon cemetery are on Flickr. 468 Filed Under: Mississippi Natchez Natchez The value of his real estate was $18,000. Robert Payne, who attended Saturdays workshop, said hes been researching his family for the past 15 years, but finding information about his ancestors wasnt easy. If he followed the road from San Augustine to Crockett pictured on Texas Map (1865), then he likely passed through Nacogdoches as well. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas, far beyond the reach of federal soldiers. A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. Cold front. It will not be held responsible or liable for its use and accuracy. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. The traders put Wood up for sale at Natchezs infamous Forks of the Road slave market. Slaves at the Boone Hall Plantation & Gardens. Wagons and wheels being fixed. Ella Brandon Stantons daughter, Charlotte Brandon (1866-1936), married Dunbar Surget Merrill. If you are interested in a house, all information, including: price, status, neighborhood, condition, etc., must be independently verified. She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. A historical society in Virginia, where slavery began in the American colonies in 1619, has discovered the identities of 3,200 slaves from unpublished private documents, providing new. Pleasant, South Carolina, is one of America's oldest working plantations, with a history dating back to 1681. 73 Natchez Trace Pkwy,Natchez, Mississippi, 39120, 7 beds 8 baths 10,768 sqft 45 acres, Jackie Smith PAUL GREEN REALTORS 601-442-2768. Educator and interpreter Joseph McGill founded the Slave Dwelling Project as a living history lesson. Read more Suggest edits to improve what we show. He came 407 miles.. The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood, described by a reporter at the time as a spectacled negro woman, apparently sixty years old. The defendant was Zebulon Ward, a white man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before. In the 1863 tax sales the property was sold to the Federal government for . Begins August 11 entry. Many of the slaves had been forgotten to the world until the Virginia Historical Society received a $100,000 grant to pore over some of its 8 million unpublished manuscripts letters, diaries, ledgers, books and farm documents from Virginians dating to the 1600s and began discovering the long-lost identities of the slaves, said society president and CEO Paul Levengood. After Brandon and his wife died, the property changed hand numerous times, and with each sale, the vast acreage diminished. ADAMS Formed in 1799 from Natchez District Anchorage Plantation North - Griffith Auburn Plantation - Duncan Avalange Plantation - Harper Now I was in trouble. The story told by Bill deepens in complexity, and involves a plot by Ables son to run to Mexico, though most of his slaves deny that they were going to go along. By 1878, white Northerners were retreating from Reconstruction. It went through a number of owners before becoming an inn and event venue. She was later removed from the cotton fields and put to work in Brandons house. Even the judge who presided over Wood's case, Phillip Swing, viewed it narrowly. Going directly from Alexandria to Sabinetown suggests that he crossed the swampy region between those places directly, avoiding the roads. Gerard Brandon, one of the largest slaveholders in the South, bought Wood and took her to his house, Brandon Hall, on the Natchez Trace. Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected, the New York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. The house was built c. 1765 by . In the 1890s another formerly enslaved woman, Callie House, led a national organization pressuring the government for ex-slave pensions. Begins December 24 entry. Janes husband exclaimed just as she was knocked out to his master Glory to God on high, peace and good will to men on earth and it seemed to pop from his very soul. The "finest" house at the Brandon Hall Plantation, for example, was built by the enslaved. Updated That means many American families with slave ancestors could have roots in Virginia, Levengood said. After Brandon pursued several possible places to rent in Texas, Joseph S. Able, a resident of Robertson County, offered Brandon a place on his land with 300 acres in cultivation 2 cabins & corn on the ground as well as use of a mill. A typed transcription made by Helen Rayne in 1999 (with parenthetical comments by Rayne throughout) was donated to the Dolph Briscoe Center by the Historic Natchez Foundation in 2001. The freedom suit had prevented Ward from selling Wood for nearly two years, but in 1855, he took her to a Kentucky slave-trading firm that did business in Natchez, Mississippi. I am aware of the hands that built it, and the literal blood, sweat, and tears that entailed. These slaves hadn't been disguised as 'servants . Wood spent the next several years performing domestic work around Cincinnati. the joint wedding of Hoster's daughter Catelyn to Brandon Stark, eldest son and heir of Lord Rickard of Winterfell, and Lord Rickard's daughter Lyanna to Robert Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End. She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. Brandon Hall C1856. When African slavery was largely abolished in the mid-1800s, the center of plantation agriculture moved from the Americas to the Indo-Pacific region where the indigenous people . By 1983, only 40 acres remained and the house had fallen into disrepair. Clipping of J. H. Coltons map of the state of Louisiana and eastern part of Texas (1863) showing locations mentioned in Brandons account of his flight from Natchez. If you know of any others send the information to me. They also operate tours during the fall and spring pilgrimages. Then, in 1848, Jane Cirode went to a county courthouse and registered Wood as free. The couple had numerous children, though only five survived into adulthood; four daughters died of natural causes during the Civil War. Wonderful site.. Wood was an early contributor to a long tradition of formerly enslaved people and their descendants demanding redress. Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, a New Orleans native who has devoted much of her life to the study of slavery, spent 15 years in the courthouses of Louisiana, as well as in archives in Spain, France and. The tract was known as Martin's Brandon. The Brandons had numerous slaves and most likely used them for tobacco growing, resulting the in the prosperity that enabled the construction of the ca. On my way to camp I called to see Mr.Blackshear, in Springfield, who gives him a very good dinner, pure coffee. Begins August 9 entry: This Holy Sabbath morn finds me near the banks of the Brazos, without meal or meat, because of price gouging and worthless Confederate paper. Gerard Brandon, one of the largest slaveholders in the South, bought Wood and took her to his house, Brandon Hall, on the Natchez Trace. Begins October 3 entry. The traders put Wood up for sale at Natchez's infamous Forks of the Road slave market. Brandon Hall was formally a large working cotton plantation located on the scenic Natchez Trace. Slavery in Virginia is not just a Virginia story. The great hall of Riverrun was, perforce, the largest single room in the castle. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. The postwar constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and extended national citizenship to ex-slaves enabled Wood to pursue Ward in federal court. $$$ info@brandonhallplantation.com Closed now 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM In 1889, he was one of the first African-American graduates of what became Northwestern University's School of Law. One of N.J.'s first instances of slavery is marked at this burial ground 27/02/2023 Kathy DeAngelo, a member of the historian commission from the Tinton Falls historical society shows the Crawford House and burial ground that was an iron mine where enslaved African Americans worked in Tinton Falls, NJ on Tuesday Feb. 14, 2023. While Wood received $2,500 as compensation for more than 16 years of unpaid labor, her former enslaver, Ward, left an estate worth at least $600,000 when he died in 1894, a multimillionaire in todays terms. Wood's victory briefly made her lawsuit national news. Brandon owning 287 horses, cattle, sheep & miscellaneous property, valued at $2120, and no real estate. Wood suffered another, unexpected setback in 1874 when her lawyer was murdered by a clients husband in an unrelated divorce case. With help from his mothers court-ordered compensation, Arthur bought a house, started a family and paid for his own schooling. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? Construction on the home began in 1853 and it was completed in 1856.3, Slave schedules for the 1860 Census confirm Brandons large slaveholdings. On October 29, 1840, Charlotte Hoggatt married Gerard Brandon III, who was the son of an early Governor of Mississippi and the grandson of a Revolutionary War Hero of the same name. Begins September 28 entry. Discovered that several men (Isaac, [Matt] & Charley) had been in the hog business, cost me $30 (noted in ledger on p.9, Brandons page 14); medicine scarce; Oh! In 1834, the teenager was bought by a merchant in Louisville and taken from her family. Enough to make a man gloomy. Reads Ellas letter. List of troubles: screw wormshow many of them there are. Two hundred and five years ago, on the night of January 8, 1811, more than 500 enslaved people took up arms in one of the largest slave rebellions in U.S. history. Then the crops of choice became cotton and indigo. Perfect for an unforgettable. Absence of farm animals on the list indicates strongly oriented cotton plantation. In the eyes of Kentucky law, Wood was a slave. He helped Wood file a lawsuit in Cincinnati against Ward, now a wealthy man living in Lexington. Cobbler and corn bread with another host. Sometimes its a real detective work. ), so Poole (overseer) left, presumably with slaves. Captivating Houses is NOT a real estate company, it is an opinion-based blog and does NOT represent any property or agency. The case was eventually dismissed. It remains the largest known sum ever granted by a U.S. court in restitution for slavery. When he returned to camp,Sanford had come up with all the negroes. Before the Civil War, large Southern rice and cotton plantations depended on enslaved African Americans to operate successfully. On the page opposite the list of deaths, there are also notations about Middletons expenses. The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood, described by a reporter at the time as "a spectacled negro woman, apparently 60 years old." After her suit, she moved with her son to Chicago. Known as the Robintation Tree, it is said to have been quite feared by the slaves of the plantation. It would have bought 20,000 in Confederate money at that time. It is currently used as a successful wedding venue and bed & breakfast. Brandon kept a diary of his Texas sojourn which is probably held today by a family descendant. The advanced search fields include the slaves first name or last name; gender; occupation; owners last name; date range; and record type. According to scarborough2003, p.432, Brandon owned 706 enslaved people on plantations in Adams County (512), Concordia Parish (113) and Tensas Parish (81) in the 1860 Census, making him the tenth largest slaveholder in Scarboroughs sample for 1860, even though he does not appear on Scarboroughs sample of planters with over 500 slaves in 1850. Im going to use this not only personally, but professionally, she said. Discovery Company. All Rights Reserved. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. For them, the money Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement made a long-lasting difference. Over 700 Black men and women were enslaved on this plantation. I worked under the meanest overseers, and got flogged and flogged, until I thought I should die.". Brandon strictly instructs them not to trade with anyone. His brother was Dr.James C. Brandon (1820-1884), with whom he was particularly close; both brothers named sons after the other. The plantation, however, plays a role in the darkest period of American history. Visit our corporate site at https://futureplc.comThe Week is a registered trade mark. Future US LLC, 10th floor, 1100 13th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Thats the kind of things that owners did with slaves. Cookie Policy The New York Times observed, "Files of newspapers of the five years following the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law are filled with stories of the kidnapping of free men in free States." Goes Friday to see after some negroes I had hired in Falls Co. Stays with H. L. Bennett. "Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected," the New-York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. Returns from Salado to reports of death, including Henrietta has just come to say Diceys little boy is dead. After moving to Ables, All at Home for the war. Description of the Able Family , and another Mississippi refugee named Williams.10 Difficulty getting a beef he had paid for. The plantation, founded in 1681, is one of the oldest working plantations in the US. (In fact, free black Northerners had been kidnapped for years before the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.) Most slaves were by their owners design and eventually by law forbidden to learn how to read and write, so they didnt leave us material that so many figures in the past did, Levengood said. Ward began to plot with a group of these notorious "slave catchers." herculoids gloop and gleep sounds (She is still living this October 6, 1932. Because the award was small, procedural rules prevented Ward from appealing to higher courts where the verdict might have been more widely noticed. 1845, d. 1909), Charlotte Lottie Brandon (b. Tours Robertsons college, then under construction. Ownership was also an investment: purchased children and adults may or may not have been . Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Virginia that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, other historic registers, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Describes the Brazos (he appears to spell as Brassos) as a little, crooked, muddy [? Her captors destination was Lexington, Kentucky, where prices for slaves had risen in tandem with the Southern cotton economy. Lists his route, expenses, and ferriage for the trip back home. But Wood and her lawyers had argued that the case was about much more than damages from abduction. Documents citing slaves go back to the 1690s: Thats when slavery starts to grow fast in Virginia and other English colonies, Levengood said. Discouraged by possibility of his being taken a prisoner when he tries to return. Saturday April 17, 2021 The widely acclaimed Slave Dwelling Project comes to Natchez April 17 as part of an effort designed to bring attention to the world of the enslaved in the Natchez District. Her official freedom papers, at a courthouse in Cincinnati, had been destroyed in an 1849 fire, and her kidnappers had confiscated her personal copy. Property is 45 acres and one of the few private driveways directly off the Natchez Trace Parkway. Ward began to plot with a group of these notorious slave catchers. The gang located Woods employer in Cincinnati, a boardinghouse keeper named Rebecca Boyd, and paid her to join their scheme. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. My children must thank me for the attempt to save [?] This site contains affiliate links to products. It remains the largest known sum ever granted by a U.S. court in restitution for slavery. Begins August 24 entry: no beef as yet now for four days. Slaves dissatisfied. Reflections on number of slaves he has brought: I am now content & feel if I can take care of what I have, I shall do very well., Doesnt like to hire out, & to feed them in idleness, they will soon eat their heads off. Learns of a meeting of locals for resolutions on refugees and the some 1000 or 1500 negroes moved into the region. Someone offers to speak up in Brandons defense, as mine looked clean & orderly. Williams has sent a ham, bucket of butter, & three water mellons. Begins August 29 entry: demands from persons wanting to hire negroes.. Begins October 21, the most melancholly day I have had in Texas. James (Jim) leaves for home & from thence to the army., Begins October 25 entry. Ancestry places birth on December 5, 1864., See also this genealogy page and the Gerard Brandon children website., See Steven Brooke, The Majesty of Natchez (Gretna, La. p.4: Some more deaths; notes about wagon loads, presumably of cotton bales; ferriage and tolls on the route to Texas, pp. Sanford Poole & Sandy had gone to kill a deer. Middleton arrives, and he gets a package from home. Not only business operations and day-to-day labor routines, but family affairs, the roles of women, racial attitudes, relations between masters and slaves, social and cultural life, the values shared by members of the planter class, and Some counties mentioned in Brandons diary, cropped from Texas County Map (1860), Vicksburg veterans continue their critiques of planters who stay at home to take care of our negroes. They hoped to hear of evry planter there losing everything they had, for they had done but little to deserve success.. One Sunday afternoon in April 1853, Boyd tricked Wood into taking a carriage ride across the river. Photograph: Jessica Crawford. As laid out in McDaniel's book, in 1840, Mississippi accounted for nearly a quarter of all. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. they are the dirtiest people I ever saw or heard of & come nigher living out doors than any others., Begins November 27 entry. Daisy Patterson Brandon Dale (Natchez: Daisy Patterson Brandon Dale, 2007), 72., Williams may be the Mississippi-born Walter Williams who died in 1959 at age 117, though that claim has been questioned., Phoebe appears to have been owned by Brandons brother Dr.James C. Brandon. Begins December 27 entry. For them, the money Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement made a long-lasting difference. Amateur genealogist Crasty Johnson of Richmond said she hopes the sites will help her trace her roots back to the 1800s. Gangs worked throughout the antebellum period to capture free black men, women and children and smuggle them into the South, under the cover of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which required the return of runaway slaves. Researching a slaveholder's genealogy can be a time-consuming task, but fortunately, there are many genealogies for South Carolina slaveholders . Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in. appreciated. : Estate of Sara Brandon Rickey, 2000), 79, available at Historic Natchez Foundation., In 1872, Brandon was still in a legal dispute over an assumption of debt on a plantation he purchased in Tensas Parish (LA) from Hughes, who moved to Texas in 1862 or 1863. When he died in 1951, after a long career as a lawyer, he left behind a large clan of descendants who were able to launch professional careers of their own, even as redlining and other racially discriminatory practices put a chokehold on the South Side neighborhoods where they lived. It wasn't until she returned to Mississippi with Brandon in 1866 that she gained her freedom; she continued to work for Brandon, now promised a salary of $10 a month, but she would say she was never paid. Arrival of Jim and Middleton, and Sanford was behind with 58 negroes & some stock. Jim and Brandon go to see Oliver Carter to try and rent his place on the Brassos. No rental, but he gets corn. See Gerard Brandon, The Brandon Family, ed. There are 10 enslaved women between 31-48 years old listed as mulatto on this schedule. The other refers to Sandys desire, like his, to hear from home. The value of his real estate was $170,000 and his personal estate was $400,000. Wood was among them. . She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. Warsaw Indiana Website Design by 1Eighty Digital, 1744 Colonial For Sale In Norwich Connecticut. He owned 700 to 800 slaves on several plantations, and he "put me to work at once in the cotton field," she said. This property has much more to offer. Danish West Indies, Denmark, Records of Enslaved People, 1672-1917 Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. Grain and food were raised for local use. "I can't quite tell my age," Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. Wood was among them. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. Researching black folk is difficult, so anytime you can find a new resource its always good to investigate, he said. 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