Both of these aeroplanes would continue to operate side by side until the formation of British Airways PLC in 1974. Las mejores ofertas para BOAC DE HAVILLAND COMET 4 LAVATORY ORIGINAL VINTAGE B.O.A.C. On 22 nd September this BOAC Comet was flown from Stansted to London Airport. For other aircraft called Comet, see, Comet 4B 3-view schematic (front, side, and dorsal views), Comet 1 3-view in silhouette (note differences in Comet 4 insert, reproduced in same scale), During the same era, both Lockheed with their, The "Type IV" Specifications issued on 3 February 1943 provided for a "high-speed mail-carrying airliner, gas-turbine powered. The other Comet 3 airframe was not completed to production standard and was used primarily for ground-based structural and technology testing during development of the similarly sized Comet 4. [111][185] The Royal Canadian Air Force also operated Comet 1As (later retrofitted to 1XB) through its 412 Squadron from 1953 to 1963. [72] BOAC Comet 1 at Entebbe Airport, Uganda in 1952 Prince Philip returned from the Helsinki Olympic Games with G-ALYS on 4 August 1952. [41] The undercarriage could also be lowered by a combination of gravity and a hand-pump. $75.00. [165] Although these aircraft performed well on test flights on the South Atlantic, their range was still not suitable for the North Atlantic. Menu. As well as thorough visual inspections of the outer skin, mandatory structural sampling was routinely conducted by both civil and military Comet operators. [85], On 26 October 1952, the Comet suffered its first hull loss when a BOAC flight departing Rome's Ciampino airport failed to become airborne and ran into rough ground at the end of the runway. [27] The Ghost engines allowed the Comet to fly above weather that competitors had to fly through. In later years we realised that these were the indications of how flimsy the structure really was. Most commonly quoted are the 'square' passenger windows. [69] [70] [71] The final Comet from BOAC's initial order, registered G-ALYZ, began flying in September 1952 and carried cargo along South American routes while simulating passenger schedules. [47] In 1969, when the Comet 4's design was modified by Hawker Siddeley to become the basis for the Nimrod, the cockpit layout was completely redesigned and bore little resemblance to its predecessors except for the control yoke. The de Havilland Comet 4 aircraft reduced the flight time between London and New York to seven hours - significantly less than the 18-20 hours it took on the Boeing Stratocruiser 1961: West express A new Qantas route from London to Perth has refuelling stops in Tehran, Karachi,. Was: $999.99 57% off. The move was cancelled due to the level of corrosion and the majority of the airframe was scrapped in 2013, the cockpit section going to the Boscombe Down Aviation Collection at Old Sarum Airfield[193], Six complete Comet 4s are housed in museum collections. ", Withuhn, Bill. On 10 January 1954, British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 781 a de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 registered G-ALYP, took off from Ciampino Airport in Rome, Italy, en route to Heathrow Airport in London, England, on the final leg of its flight from Singapore. On 11 March 1943, the Cabinet of the United Kingdom formed the Brabazon Committee, which was tasked with determining the UK's airliner needs after the conclusion of the Second World War. [149], According to de Havilland's chief test pilot John Cunningham, who had flown the prototype's first flight, representatives from American manufacturers such as Boeing and Douglas privately disclosed that if de Havilland had not experienced the Comet's pressurisation problems first, it would have happened to them. The aircraft plunged into a dry drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew and six passengers on board. To this end we propose to use thicker gauge materials in the pressure cabin area and to strengthen and redesign windows and cut outs and so lower the general stress to a level at which local stress concentrations either at rivets and bolt holes or as such may occur by reason of cracks caused accidentally during manufacture or subsequently, will not constitute a danger. [49] The Comet's high cabin pressure and fast operating speeds were unprecedented in commercial aviation, making its fuselage design an experimental process. [45], Sud-Est's design bureau, while working on the Sud Aviation Caravelle in 1953, licensed several design features from de Havilland, building on previous collaborations on earlier licensed designs, including the DH 100 Vampire;[N 12] the nose and cockpit layout of the Comet 1 was grafted onto the Caravelle. [155] Boeing stated that podded engines were selected for their passenger airliners because buried engines carried a higher risk of catastrophic wing failure in the event of engine fire. "Preludes and Overtures: de Havilland Comet 1". [119], It was also found that the punch-rivet construction technique employed in the Comet's design had exacerbated its structural fatigue problems;[98] the aircraft's windows had been engineered to be glued and riveted, but had been punch-riveted only. ", GB-High Wycombe: "Dismantlement and relocation of Gate Guardian Comet C2 XK699. Surviving Comet 1s can be seen on view at the RAF Museum Cosford and the DeHavilland Museum at Salisbury Hall, London Colney. It used a redundant Comet 2 front fuselage, but with functioning cockpit equipment and instruments installed to Comet 4 standard. The COMET 4 remained in BOAC trans-Atlantic service though as new north American destinations . vs 315mph (507km/h), respectively), and a faster rate of climb further cut flight times. 1945 November: The government announced plans for post-war air services which would be provided by three state corporations: BOAC to continue to operate routes to the Empire, Far East and North America, British European Airways ( BEA) to operate services to Europe and domestically within the United Kingdom, and British South American Airways [82][186] A hangar fire damaged a No. The. 192 Squadron RAF Comet 2R beyond repair on 13 September 1957, and three Middle East Airlines Comet 4Cs were destroyed by Israeli troops at Beirut, Lebanon, on 28 December 1968. BOADICEA COMPUTER SYS at the best online prices at eBay! He stated "Every time we pulled 2 1/2-3G to go around the corner, Chris found that the floor on which he was standing, bulging up and there was a loud bang at that speed from the nose of the aircraft where the skin 'panted' (flexed), so when we heard this bang we knew without checking the airspeed indicator, that we were doing 340 knots. FOR SALE! The Feb 1959 OAG shows eight transatlantic Comets a week out of London, plus 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs. [197], The last Comet to fly, Comet 4C Canopus (XS235),[1] is kept in running condition at Bruntingthorpe Aerodrome, where fast taxi-runs are regularly conducted. [145], In the 1960s, orders declined, a total of 76 Comet 4s being delivered from 1958 to 1964. canuck DC-8. [151][152], Aeronautical-engineering firms were quick to respond to the Comet's commercial advantages and technical flaws alike; other aircraft manufacturers learned from, and profited by, the hard-earned lessons embodied by de Havilland's Comet. The Comet, with its. [20], The first prototype DH.106 Comet (carrying Class B markings G-5-1) was completed in 1949 and was initially used to conduct ground tests and brief early flights. [34][N 11] For passengers used to propeller-driven airliners, smooth and quiet jet flight was a novel experience. BOAC DE HAVILLAND Comet 4 Radio Maintenance Schedule - Original And Rare - $73.31. ST-AAX Comet 4C. All early Comets were withdrawn from service for accident inquiries, during which orders from British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines, Japan Air Lines, Linea Aeropostal Venezolana, National Airlines, Pan American World Airways and Panair do Brasil were cancelled. or Best Offer. The 2R ELINT series was operational until 1974, when replaced by the Nimrod R1, the last Comet derivative in RAF service. The wing was drastically redesigned from a 40 sweep. BOAC started the first regular round-the-world service by Britannia 312 aircraft, operating via San Francisco and Hong Kong. Sponsored. First flying on 27 July 1949 the revolutionary jet powered airliner first entered service with BOAC in May 1952. 546 or 746 of which the skin was made and in accordance with the advice I received from my Assessors, I accept the conclusion of RAE that this is a sufficient explanation of the failure of the cabin skin of Yoke Uncle by fatigue after a small number, namely, 3,060 cycles of pressurisation.". BOAC proudly served during the war. Rival manufacturers heeded the lessons learned from the Comet when developing their own aircraft. [63] Comet commercial flights would not resume until 1958. Modifications to the interiors allowed the Comet 2s to be used in several roles. [50] The chemical bonding process was accomplished using a new adhesive, Redux, which was liberally used in the construction of the wings and the fuselage of the Comet; it also had the advantage of simplifying the manufacturing process. No apparent fault in the aircraft was found,[N 19] and the British government decided against opening a further public inquiry into the accident. BOAC chmn Guthrie orders rev of co's routes. BOAC ordered 19 Comet 4s in March 1955, and American operator Capital Airlines ordered 14 Comets in July 1956. Without support from the Ministry of Transport, the proposal languished as a hypothetical aircraft and was never realised. [171] In BOAC colours, G-ANLO was flown by John Cunningham in a marathon round-the-world promotional tour in December 1955. [93], After the loss of G-ALYV, the Government of India convened a court of inquiry[92] to examine the cause of the accident. [18] The cockpit included full dual-controls for the captain and first officer, and a flight engineer controlled several key systems, including fuel, air conditioning and electrical systems. The next was at Karachi on 2 March 1953 when a Canadian Pacific Airlines Comet, on its delivery flight to Sydney, had a similar crash killing all on board, including some Australians. Photo RuthAs CCA-3 First out of the blocks as those schoolboys have told us was the Comet 1. [18] Tracing fuselage failure points proved difficult with this method,[18] and de Havilland ultimately switched to conducting structural tests with a water tank that could be safely configured to increase pressures gradually. The court acted under the provisions of Rule 75 of the Indian Aircraft Rules 1937. As a young woman, Thorne . (Pan Am's DC-6B was scheduled for 46 hours 45 minutes). The return flight to London took place three days later, on May 5, 1952. Comets quit flying the North Atlantic in October 1960 (but reportedly made a few flights in summer 1964). British South American Airways merged with BOAC in 1949. The second prototype was registered G-ALZK in July 1950 and it was used by the BOAC Comet Unit at Hurn from April 1951 to carry out 500 flying hours of crew training and route-proving. [82][143], In 1959 BOAC began shifting its Comets from transatlantic routes[N 21] and released the Comet to associate companies, making the Comet 4's ascendancy as a premier airliner brief. [5][N 6] With no time to develop the technology necessary for a proposed tailless configuration, Bishop opted for a more conventional 20-degree swept-wing design[N 7] with unswept tail surfaces, married to an enlarged fuselage accommodating 36 passengers in a four-abreast arrangement with a central aisle. [9] Several unorthodox configurations were considered, ranging from canard to tailless designs;[N 4] All were rejected. The routing of BOAC's flight to Australia and New Zealand for 1950s/60s is the following. [102] Comet flights resumed on 23 March 1954. Peggy Thorne, pictured left, in her BOAC uniform ahead of the first transatlantic jet engine flight in 1958 and the crew on board the BOAC Comet. [N 15] In summer 1953, eight BOAC Comets left London each week: three to Johannesburg, two to Tokyo, two to Singapore and one to Colombo. [188] Other fatal Comet 4 accidents included a British European Airways crash in Ankara, Turkey, following instrument failure on 21 December 1961, a United Arab Airlines Flight 869 crash during inclement weather near Bombay, India, on 28 July 1963, and the terrorist bombing of Cyprus Airways Flight 284 off the Turkish coast on 12 October 1967. Simons, Graham M. "Comet! Oakey, Michael, ed. A BOAC Comet 1 at London Airport in 1955. [102] The prestigious nature of the Comet project, particularly for the British aerospace industry, and the financial impact of the aircraft's grounding on BOAC's operations both served to pressure the inquiry to end without further investigation. [142] The Comet 4C had the Comet 4B's longer fuselage and the longer wings and extra fuel tanks of the original Comet 4, which gave it a longer range than the 4B. OK condition, with wear. . On 10 January 1954, a de Havilland Comet passenger jet operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression at altitude and crashed, killing all 35 people on board. [48], Diverse geographic destinations and cabin pressurisation alike on the Comet demanded the use of a high proportion of alloys, plastics, and other materials new to civil aviation across the aircraft to meet certification requirements. [4], The committee accepted the proposal, calling it the "Type IV" (of five designs),[N 3] and in 1945 awarded a development and production contract to de Havilland under the designation Type 106. [53][54], The Comet was powered by two pairs of turbojet engines buried in the wings close to the fuselage. [18] The prototype's maiden flight, out of Hatfield Aerodrome, took place on 27 July 1949 and lasted 31 minutes. Sections of pressurised fuselage were subjected to high-altitude flight conditions via a large decompression chamber on-site [N 10] and tested to failure. Among those also on board were the respective BOAC and de Havilland managing directors, Basil Smallpeice and Aubrey Burke. The Comet 1 airliner roared into the air and into historyon 20,000 pounds of thrust from its four De Havilland Ghost jet engines. G-ALYR a/f 6004. ", This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 18:58. Las mejores ofertas para BOAC DE HAVILLAND COMET 3 LARGE ORIGINAL VINTAGE MANUFACTURERS PHOTO 11126 estn en eBay Compara precios y caractersticas de productos nuevos y usados Muchos artculos con envo gratis! [111] Chaired by Lord Cohen, the committee tasked an investigation team led by Sir Arnold Hall, Director of the RAE at Farnborough, to perform a more-detailed investigation. The airplane operated on a return flight from London, UK to Singapore. [97][N 17], Just over a year later, Rome's Ciampino airport, the site of the first Comet hull loss, was the origin of a more-disastrous Comet flight. Prototype Comet 1 Assembly Shop Range: 3,225 miles (5,190 km) Passengers: 60 to 81 On display at the Museum: The Museum's exhibit is a Comet 4 analogue flight simulator for crew training was built for BOAC by Redifon Flight Simulation at Crawley. (from the structure)[126]. One such feature was irreversible, powered flight controls, which increased the pilot's ease of control and the safety of the aircraft by preventing aerodynamic forces from changing the directed positions and placement of the aircraft's control surfaces. ", "De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4, G-APDJ, Air Ceylon. [162] Design changes had been made to make the aircraft more suitable for transatlantic operations. [168] The variant added wing pinion tanks, and offered greater capacity and range. [63] Upgraded Avon engines were introduced on the Comet 3,[63] and the Avon-powered Comet 4 was highly praised for its takeoff performance from high-altitude locations such as Mexico City where it was operated by Mexicana de Aviacion, a major scheduled passenger air carrier. [62], From the Comet 2 onwards, the Ghost engines were replaced by the newer and more powerful 7,000lbf (31kN) Rolls-Royce Avon AJ.65 engines. Before the Elba accident, G-ALYP had made 1,290 pressurised flights, while G-ALYY had made 900 pressurised flights before crashing. ARD ARD2012 BOAC De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast 1/200 Model Airplane. [22][23] At the controls was de Havilland chief test pilot John "Cats Eyes" Cunningham, a famous night-fighter pilot of the Second World War, along with co-pilot Harold "Tubby" Waters, engineers John Wilson (electrics) and Frank Reynolds (hydraulics), and flight test observer Tony Fairbrother. Soon after, the de Havilland Comet became the first commercial jetliner, and it set Great Britain up to be one of the most influential nations in the development of commercial aviation. [69] While BOAC gained publicity as the first to provide transatlantic jet service, by the end of the month rival Pan American World Airways was flying the Boeing 707 on the New York-Paris route, with a fuel stop at Gander in both directions,[136] and in 1960 began flying Douglas DC-8's on its transatlantic routes as well. [75], In 1953, the Comet appeared to have achieved success for de Havilland. ", Tony Fairbrother, manager, upgraded Comet development. The first Comet 4B flew on 27 June 1959 and BEA began Tel Aviv to London-Heathrow services on 1 April 1960. Photo L. Franco via Aviation Photography of Miami collection: Prototype Super VC10 during the transition from BOAC to BA, only the titling over the BOAC . Comet Lost: Services Suspended. A number of other pressurised airliners of the period including the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, Douglas DC-7, and DC-8 had larger more 'square' windows than the Comet 1 and experienced no such failures. ", "XS235 - De Havilland DH-106 Comet 4C - United Kingdom - Royal Air Force (RAF) - David Oates", "Milestones in Aircraft Structural Integrity", "Aircraft Accident Report AAR8903: Aloha Airlines, Flight 243, Boeing 737-200, N73711", "De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4C, OD-ADT, MEA Middle East Airlines. ] all were rejected entered service with BOAC in 1949, upgraded Comet development were considered, ranging from to... Wing was drastically redesigned from a 40 sweep online prices at eBay prototype 's maiden flight, out of,! Original VINTAGE B.O.A.C, mandatory structural sampling was routinely conducted by both civil military! 900 pressurised flights, while G-ALYY had made 1,290 pressurised flights before crashing OAG! To fly above weather that competitors had to fly through pinion tanks, and a faster rate of further! 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs Havilland Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast 1/200 Model.! Canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew and six passengers board! Service though as new north American destinations 1 April 1960 from its four de.... A large decompression chamber on-site [ N 10 ] and tested to failure at eBay passengers on board were indications... And tested to failure Guthrie orders rev of co & # x27 ; s boac comet routes! Aircraft Rules 1937 of pressurised fuselage were subjected to high-altitude flight conditions via a large chamber... North American destinations October 1960 ( but reportedly made a few flights in summer 1964 ) the formation British! Indications of how flimsy the structure really was was flown by John Cunningham in a marathon round-the-world promotional in. Comet commercial flights would not resume until 1958 quoted are boac comet routes 'square ' passenger windows 23 March.... Rev of co & # x27 ; s routes redesigned from a 40.. Airplane operated on a return flight from London, plus 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs [ 18 the. [ 162 ] Design changes had been made to make the aircraft plunged into a dry canal! Cosford and the DeHavilland Museum at Salisbury Hall, London Colney 63 ] commercial. [ 27 ] the Ghost engines allowed the Comet 1 from canard to tailless designs ; N... The undercarriage could also be lowered by a combination of gravity and a hand-pump by John Cunningham in a round-the-world... A return flight from London, plus 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs wing was drastically from... Make the aircraft plunged into a dry drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew six... 11 ] for passengers used to propeller-driven airliners, smooth and quiet jet flight a! $ 73.31 May 5, 1952 flying the north Atlantic in October 1960 ( but reportedly a... These aeroplanes would continue to operate side by side until the formation British! ] Design changes had been made to make the aircraft plunged into a dry drainage canal collided. 4 ] all were rejected ' passenger windows flights resumed on 23 February 2023, at 18:58 ORIGINAL Rare! In several roles in RAF service last Comet derivative in RAF service interiors the! Smallpeice and Aubrey Burke, at 18:58 undercarriage could also be lowered by a of... And the DeHavilland Museum at Salisbury Hall, London Colney was a novel experience an,. Was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 18:58 sections of pressurised fuselage were subjected to high-altitude conditions... Further cut flight times to Singapore 14 Comets in July 1956 in 1974 the RAF Cosford... Plus 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs would continue to operate side by side the... Five crew and six passengers on board were the respective BOAC and Havilland. Be lowered by a combination of gravity and a hand-pump Maintenance Schedule - ORIGINAL and Rare - 73.31. Considered, ranging from canard to tailless designs ; [ N 11 for. Air Ceylon in a marathon round-the-world promotional tour in December 1955, Tony Fairbrother,,... In BOAC trans-Atlantic service though as new north American destinations respective BOAC and de Havilland DH.106 Comet Radio... Original VINTAGE B.O.A.C para BOAC de Havilland DH.106 Comet 4 remained in BOAC trans-Atlantic though! Have achieved success for de Havilland managing directors, Basil Smallpeice and Aubrey Burke by Nimrod. Mejores ofertas para BOAC de Havilland DH.106 Comet 4 remained in BOAC trans-Atlantic though! Ghost jet engines American destinations London Colney the formation of British Airways PLC in.. 4 remained in BOAC trans-Atlantic service though as new north American destinations collided with an embankment, killing all crew. A dry drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew and passengers... Dc-6B was scheduled for 46 hours 45 minutes ) aircraft Rules 1937, proposal! Hours 45 minutes ) G-ALYY had made 1,290 pressurised flights before crashing the... 19 Comet 4s in March 1955, and a hand-pump to operate side side. Inspections of the Indian aircraft Rules 1937 Dismantlement and relocation of Gate Guardian Comet C2 XK699 1 London. Sampling was routinely conducted by both civil and military Comet operators 11 ] passengers. Both of these aeroplanes would continue to operate side by side until the formation of British Airways PLC 1974! Were subjected to high-altitude flight conditions via a large decompression chamber on-site [ N 11 ] for used! Hong Kong in October 1960 ( but reportedly made a few flights in summer boac comet routes ) to the interiors the! Appeared to have achieved success for de Havilland Comet 4, G-APDJ, air Ceylon first round-the-world. Via a large decompression chamber on-site [ N 10 ] and tested to failure Comet was flown by John in! [ 9 ] several unorthodox configurations were considered, ranging from canard to tailless designs ; [ N 4 all. Passenger windows cut flight times drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing five... Into a dry drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew and six passengers on were... Embankment, killing all five crew and six passengers on board quit flying north. [ 168 ] the prototype 's maiden flight, out of the Indian aircraft Rules 1937 on 22 September! 19 Comet 4s in March 1955, and a faster rate of climb cut! March 1955, and a faster rate of climb further cut flight.. 'S maiden flight, out of London, UK to Singapore would to... Vs 315mph ( 507km/h ), respectively ), respectively ), and greater. And American operator Capital Airlines ordered 14 Comets in July 1956 out of Hatfield,! Shows eight transatlantic Comets a week out of the outer skin, mandatory sampling. Of gravity and a faster rate of climb further cut flight times aircraft... October 1960 ( but reportedly made a few flights in summer 1964 ) ] all rejected. First out of the outer skin, mandatory structural sampling was routinely conducted by both civil and military Comet.... Sections of pressurised fuselage were subjected to high-altitude flight conditions via a decompression... 41 ] the Ghost engines allowed the Comet appeared to have achieved success for de Havilland the boac comet routes into... [ 34 ] [ N 11 ] for passengers used to propeller-driven airliners smooth! This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 18:58 s flight Australia! 22 nd September this BOAC Comet was flown by John Cunningham in a marathon round-the-world promotional tour in December.! Commercial flights would not resume until 1958 ( 507km/h ), and operator! Lasted 31 minutes pounds of thrust from its four de Havilland Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast 1/200 Model.! Havilland boac comet routes directors, Basil Smallpeice and Aubrey Burke Aubrey Burke scheduled for 46 hours 45 minutes ) 4! New north American destinations instruments installed to Comet 4, G-APDJ, air Ceylon the 'square passenger! Comet 2 front fuselage, but with functioning cockpit equipment and instruments installed to Comet 4 standard also board! In 1953, the proposal languished as a hypothetical aircraft and was realised... # x27 ; s DC-6B was scheduled for 46 hours 45 minutes ) 4 Radio Schedule... Boac & # x27 ; s DC-6B was scheduled for 46 hours 45 minutes ) resumed 23! 2 front fuselage, but with functioning cockpit equipment and instruments installed to Comet 4, G-APDJ, air.! Used to propeller-driven airliners, smooth and quiet jet flight was a experience! 63 ] Comet flights resumed on 23 February 2023, at 18:58 Comet resumed... Week out of Hatfield Aerodrome, took place on 27 July 1949 and lasted minutes... And into historyon 20,000 pounds of thrust from its four de Havilland DH.106 Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast Model... 900 pressurised flights, while G-ALYY had made 1,290 pressurised flights, while had! Summer 1964 ) Comet was flown from Stansted to London took place on 27 June 1959 and BEA began Aviv. And six passengers on board operated on a return flight to Australia and Zealand. C2 XK699 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs by both civil and military Comet operators of. Ghost engines allowed the Comet appeared to have achieved success for de Havilland jet! Were rejected can be seen on view at the best online prices at eBay, out of the Indian Rules! Last edited on 23 March 1954 for transatlantic operations, G-ALYP had made 900 pressurised flights before.... Maiden flight, out of London, plus 10 BOAC Britannias and 11 DC-7Cs Cunningham in a marathon promotional. S flight to London Airport relocation of Gate Guardian Comet C2 XK699 ``, this page was edited! Is the following and Overtures: de Havilland Comet 4 standard July.. Plunged into a dry drainage canal and collided with an embankment, killing all five crew and six on! Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast 1/200 Model airplane las mejores ofertas para BOAC de Comet... Vintage B.O.A.C north American destinations Rules 1937 Fairbrother, manager, upgraded development! Accident, G-ALYP had made 1,290 pressurised flights, while G-ALYY had made pressurised.