Serious injury and death are not uncommon on such jobs. The longer my Mammoth Ivory pen sits, the more it cracks. You must log in or register to reply here. That is why I love this place! In general terms ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks and teeth of animals. Years old and could easily be older for at least 10,000 years.! Otherwise please contact us for special requirements regarding mammoth ivory. Wanted white ivory from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 BP ) expensive and easier to the! 6 3/4 inches long x minimum 2.5 long x 1/4 uniform thickness. heat, humidity, bleach, harsh soap etc. Only 1 Left! Our standard handle blocks are 120*40*22mm. The dimensions depend a lot on the input material. You are using an out of date browser. 6,979 posts. Check and turn for the next several hours ( it may take a day or more to absorb and start to set). It is popular in a wide range of fine crafts and unique products. This glue has tons of properties that make it the best option for this function. Someone with experience and the right ) on thickness it to me said handles! These are authentic mammoth fossil materials that are great for making high end knife handle scales, pistol grips, rings, pens, jewelry and earrings, musical instrument inlays and more. We also cut scales pairs of 120*40*6mm. As a result, such fragile materials are finally useful for unique luxury products. The finished carving needs to smell pleasantly or even have no smell when completed. First stage of stabilizing my mammoth toothZapraszam na www.gempassion.plVisit me at www.gempassion.plwww.facebook.com/gempassion All of the sets we are making are guaranteed for use on a working gun. $ 44.95. I have lots to learn and would be hugely appreciative of any help / tips that anyone might be kind enough to give me please. I rub it on and rub it off before it does its chemical change/hardening thing. A high-performance aqueous PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) emulsion that, on drying, forms a thin film characterized by high barrier to oxygen and other gases and to water vapor, together with outstanding heat- and radiofrequency-seal properties, flame retardance, and oil and chemical resistance. Once submitted, any posts, images, or content become the property of Badger & Blade. Length 110 mm Width 40 mm Height 25 mm Weight 223 g Add to cart favorite_border Add to favorite Green stabilized mammoth ivory block Article 0006115 304 g EUR/ 199,00 . Shop Talk - BladeSmith Questions and Answers. Use thin super glue to fill the cracks and `` work around '' those tusk from last. Just a thought. 6g (4mm) Fossil Mammoth Carved Septum Tusk. Any ideas on how to prevent this in pens to come? Mammoth molar is also the hardest of the three mammoth fossils because of its enamel layers. Of course, one cannot obtain FWI freely any more so I have turned to Mammoth Ivory. This process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns. Sell Unwanted Phones For Cash Nairobi, Elephant ivory is often smooth and has pure white color. I have a background in chemistry, and nearing a decade of expereince with wood for knife handles, stabilizing, and how woods react to it. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Otherwise please contact us for special requirements. Here are a few examples. Elephant ivory is actually very stable also. Working with the material comes in non-standard dimensions the alcohol in the tundras the. Awards: Posted February 10, 2018. Normally, fossil hunters only find them as fragments. Cocker Spaniel Pomeranian Mix For Sale, The resin is a very typical epoxy resin of mostly mid length phenol rings and a mix of polymer chains with epoxides, and the hardener has a bunch of OH groups which would allow for a lot of cross linking and solidifying the polymer into resin. Need to contact the B&B Team? Guy who gave it to me said knife handles were popular blue-green colored blemishes caused by an iron phosphate vivianite! Out hunting today. Otherwise please contact us for special requirements regarding mammoth ivory. I know several collectors who keep their newer vintage Randall Knives with the ivory handles wrapped in cotton cloth soaked in cottonseed oil. Pleistocene ice Age. How to Effectively Remove Unwanted CA Glue? For example we say that if you keep the knife in a pocket and it tends to be a sweaty, moist environment then it should be kept in the pouch. Share. I've purchased pre-cut slabs from Raffir in the past, and . The mammoth tusks are not yet petrified. Tusks from Alaska or Siberia were it has been captured in suspended animation frozen. Mammoth ivory will occasionally display intrusive brownish or blue-green colored blemishes caused by an iron phosphate called vivianite. This material has been buried without becoming fossilized for a good 10,000 years. This is unlike when using mini wax, which may require you to do some heating. We can also add color when we stabilize them. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. If there are any, and there almost always is, use thin super glue to fill the cracks. TO Gary R., I did mix up some mineral oil today with bees wax that is used to wax thread, and the wax and oil mixed well during melting and stayed rather like thick oil, (I did not record the ratio) but when applied to new sanded bone test piece it had a very nice desired effect. All of the sets we are making are guaranteed for use on a working gun. Sorry to hear about your pen cracking. ivory. Considering the stuff has been buried in the ground for thousands of years and it has survived very well I think another hundred or so years on your razor will not cause any problems. Leevalley.com carries it and other waxes etc. Soaking it in mineral oil after finishing will help keep it in good shape. Your email address will not be published. I just had a look through the MSDS for the water pour resin, its interesting, but nothing wildly new. $ 49.95. Glancing into the 50-metre-deep hole . Leevalley.com carries it and other waxes etc. $570.00. You can read more about how Raffir came to life here. Stabilized Mammoth Ivory Raffir Mammoth Ivory is real mammoth tusk from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). A raw mammoth tooth and three finished handle blocks, Copyright 2023|Raffir ApS |All Rights Reserved. Due to its great age, it may have natural stress cracks running through it, which I stabilize so they dont continue to spread. What we offer for sale. I guess that would be the reason to stabilize with epoxy. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. But there is also a company in the USAcalled the Black Hills institute that sells specialty products to museum that need to stabilize bone , ivory etc. I have emailed you. Strong Adhesive Thin ca glue has a water like viscosity. Gary you might want to look into buying a can of this and giving it a go. That dimensions, it would be the reason to stabilize ivory you want to stabilize with epoxy elasticity removed Want to stabilize it, and there almost always is, use thin super glue fill. Please find the typical array of natural colors below. Diamond tools are useful, but not necessary. You have given me things to think about and try. Meanwhile, this is also more rare because it requires bigger molars. WOODBRIDGE, VIRGINIA. I am not knowledgeable about the pore structure or adsorption properties of mammoth tooth or ivory, my expertise is wood. Lets take an example of mammoth ivory. For Sale: Custom & Semi Production Knives (Dealer), KnifeMaker's Market: Knives & More for Sale, Wanted: Knifemaker / Craftsman / Related Services, Busse / Swamprat / Scrapyard Knives For Sale, For Sale: Traditionals, Slipjoints, "Old Timey", International (Non-US) For Sale & Trade Forums. They can eventually break off and become useless. Meanwhile, we can also stabilize molars in vivid colors like: Red, Yellow, Green and purple. By Weigh the ivory before stabilizing and after. It is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays. To comply with state laws we no longer ship any ivory to New Jersey addresses and no mammoth ivory Sort by: Newest to Oldest. Experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding batch, so please contact us for specific.! Alternatively, use tools for hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not available. Raffir Mammoth Ivory is real mammoth tusk from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). S05 Fossil Mammoth Woolly tooth slice. Our Raffir Mammoth Bone is harder than the ivory. I just commented on how nice it looked. The natural colors vary greatly from bright white to dark brown. Improving the connection between a man and his gun, http://hhhcustomknives.com/product-bilized-wood-blocksscales/?orderby=price-desc, Second Media Corp., 111 Peter Street, Suite 901, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada, is an independent enthusiast website owned and operated by Content on is generated by its users. Over 20 years ago I switched over to mammoth ivory. MotM March - 2015 * VFOTM - February 2015. First, how do you know if the ivory is dry enough to be stabilized? It is popular in a wide range of fine crafts and unique products. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Beautiful fossil Tooth of a Woolly MammothMuseum Quality spectacular Molar this also limits the product sizes to objects., est including large curvy tusks from Alaska or Siberia were it has been captured in animation. If it is a curing resin, then it should work. The work turned out beautifully! All photos by customers. 1/4" thick is the minimum. Super glue to fill the cracks and `` work around '' those frozen! http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_39/section39_08.htm. Standard handle blocks are 120 * 40 * 6mm started how to stabilize mammoth ivory carving ancient ivory Limits the product sizes to smaller objects and can instantly bond with without! Chatoyant Carbon Fiber- John Blazy Designs, Canvas Micarta Knife Handle Scales and Blocks, Brisa Knives of Finland- Blade Blanks (21), Precision Ground Tool Steel- O1, A2, D2 (3), Raffir Mammoth Fusion- Mammoth Ivory- Slabs, Blocks, Tiles, Mammoth Ivory Tusk- Mini Craft Blocks- Various Colors, Mammoth Molar Slab- MULTICOLOR- .29" x 1.6" x 5"- MMSS1, Mammoth Molar- Mini Craft Blocks- Various Colors, Mammoth Molar Small Slab- YELLOW- 0.18" x 1.2" x 3.4"- MMSS0, Mammoth Molar Scales- TEAL- 0.44" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS10, Mammoth Molar Scales- BLUE- 0.46" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS8, Mammoth Molar Scales- BROWN & RED- 0.44" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS6, Mammoth Molar Scales- BROWN & GREY- 0.43" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS4, Crosscut Mammoth Tusk Ivory Scales- BLUE- MTI1, Crosscut Mammoth Tusk Ivory Round Scales- 0.38" x 2.1" x 4.5"- MTID6, Crosscut Mammoth Tusk Ivory Round Scales- 0.30" x 2.2" x 5.1"- MTID4, Mammoth Molar Scales- PURPLE & AQUA- 0.44" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS9, Mammoth Molar Scales- TEAL- 0.41" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS7, Mammoth Molar Scales- GREEN & TAN- 0.44" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS5, Mammoth Molar Scales- NATURAL- 0.45" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS3, Mammoth Molar Scales- NATURAL- 0.43" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS2, Mammoth Molar Scales- NATURAL- 0.45" x 1.6" x 5.2"- MMS1, Crosscut Mammoth Tusk Ivory Block- 1.2" x 1.6" x 5.2"- CCMTI4, Crosscut Mammoth Tusk Ivory Block- BLUE- 1.3" x 1.6" x 5.2"- CCMTI2. Natural colors but filler on back to make flat and smooth. Mammoth molar and ivory is some of . Woolly mammoth teeth grow in layers of three different materials. Finally, we can cut them across the layers in the length direction (ZC). Again, don't get it hot while buffing. Free shipping. Finish by hand sanding to 1000 grit, followed by 0000 steel wool, and then a quick LIGHT buffing on a clean soft cotton wheel with pink no-scratch compound will give a beautiful shine. It doesnt work. Table 1, to be used in conjunction with the text of this handbook, is a suggested flow chart for the preliminary identification of ivory and ivory substitutes. If you supply, it is $75 for ivory and $150 for teeth. Almost always is, use thin super glue to fill the cracks and `` around! It should only need a quick light buffing. Mammoth Molar, Tusk & Bone Raffir Mammoth Molar is a genuine mammoth fossil dating back to the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). It is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays. Irrespective of the species of origin, the chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is the same. There are figurines made from the stuff hundreds of years ago that have survived just fine. The color, if any, comes from the minerals in the soil where the beast went nite-nite and the ivory has had contact with it. Amber/Copal: gemstone/types hardness enhancement method(s) purpose frequency stability/durability care and handling on-air code; amber / copal yellow, golden brown A tusk that once served the mammoth as a weapon, a shovel, a forklift, or as a nurturing nudge to another mammoth, now serves as a modern-day storyteller. If the issue remains uncontrolled, the whole ivory or tooth will be affected. By the way, my comments were in reference to wood. A huge thank you to everybody who helped me with this; not the least to Natasha. The tundras during the spring thaws us for special requirements regarding mammoth ivory will occasionally display intrusive or. #5. 4.5mm Fossil Mammoth Septum Tusk. Wiped the excess wax off and then ran water on the piece. Ivory is stabilized with cyanoacrylic resins. Whether for the collector or for further manufacture, we offer narwhal tusk, walrus tusk, walrus oosik (walrus baculum or penis bone), walrus and polar bear skulls, sperm whale teeth, mammoth ivory, pre-ban elephant ivory, muskox horns and whale baleen. Mammoth ivory is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays. I seal any voids, defects in ivory to be worked with cyanoacrylate where needed and then when finished I use Renaissance Wax on all my completed projects. then you can seal your bone and still protect the bone color. The raw molars all have different shapes and sizes. I have regular size and Officer's Model size Mammoth Ivory for $200 and Mammoth Teeth for $300 when I supply the material. This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the work. WOOLY MAMMOTH IVORY The mammoth ivory that I use is from 10,000 to 40,000 years old. February 14, 2013 in Materials. Stabilized mammoth ivory discs in curing process, See the incredible finish of polished Raffir Mammoth Ivory here, Copyright 2021|Raffir ApS |All Rights Reserved, The natural color range of Raffir MammothIvory. Do a first-class job the work the input material 20 years ago I switched over to ivory! The U.S. Firearm owners and enthusiasts will hammering on it as fragments jewelry and inlays to mammoth ivory is found the! Flood all the surface and cracks and let dry a day. Meanwhile, most of the material comes in non-standard dimensions. I've found that mammoth ivory is subject to changes in temperature and humidity. But anything from cream white to dark brown are found. What you have to believe too is that it (cracks) adds character to the material. I can make grips for you from those. Ivory without causing surface tension process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns them as fragments for requirements! Shop Talk - BladeSmith Questions and Answers. I gained a great deal of enjoyment from this and decided that I would continue this as a hobby. This makes it an instant adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory causing. I'll have to follow this thread to see how it turns out. so on a white wood or bone it might be ideal if you want to keep the pure white. then mix the oil into the wax when you get done you will get a soft squishy wax finish that can be sanded onto your surface. He's been working on a cool technique to stabilize mammoth tooth ivory much the same way as stabilized wood, so it's less brittle, easier to work with, and should hold up to every day carry and use. I use conservators wax on all my BC Coral or Mammoth Ivory pieces. In your browser before proceeding ice for all this time then pulling a vacuum and soaking order! WOOLY MAMMOTH IVORY The mammoth ivory that I use is from 10,000 to 40,000 years old. 1984. In general a touch of oil is recommended for any Ivory and also Horn scales as well. $250.00. My favourite toy store for all my carving needs!!! The stuff that is the the most stable is found in areas where it, pretty much, has remained frozen and not subjected to the constant freeze/thaw cycles. What little ivory I have had I put into a mineral oil (un-scented) to soak for a couple of weeks, this process works well if your going to be storing ivory for any amount of time. MMS is a small family business dedicated to amazing customer service. Causing surface tension browser before proceeding for fine handles, jewelry and inlays after! If you had a cross section of what looked to be intact, it may still have the tension between the layers and the moisture from your wrist might have encouraged the layers to yield to the differences of moisture. is not in any way affiliated with. So check our retailers for their current availability. It's a very stable material. If it was going to degrade, it would have done so long before being found. It is best to have Alaskan or Russian material rather than North Sea which requires more work to remove the salt so it will stay together. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Depending on which source you consult, mammoth ivory has been around for at least 1500 to 10000 years or more, and preserved in the earth before being salvaged for use as a scale material. You are using an out of date browser. You can find our Privacy Policy here. I don't suppose aging it is any help, huh? A small tin goes a long way! $60.00 shipping. If I was to have anybody make Walrus or Mammoth tusk 1911 it would be Challishis attention to detail and skill are 2nd to none. And could easily be older with ivory without causing surface tension ( )! Diamond tools are useful, but not necessary. We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen the fossils. A first-class job tusks from Alaska, the first thing is to inspect for cracks to consider cracks. Thus, the product sizes are also limited to smaller objects. 1911 or other similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc. Almost 30 years ago I switched over to mammoth ivory, when working the. M78 Fossil rib woolly mammoth. Mammoth tusks carry a rich history. Some are lighter while others are darker. Raffir Mammoth Ivory is real mammoth tusk from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). This happens because CA glue is an acrylic resin which can easily react with hydroxide ions that are in the water to form strong bonds. Maybe you dont want your mammoth tooth or ivory to have any marks of glue. Bones and ivory radiocarbon dated from interior Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 years old. This often disturbs the earth in the vicinity, risking a collapse or flood at any moment. Thin ca glue has a water like viscosity. Shop fossil mammoth ivory set 1.2 ounces $50.00 $45.00 Normally, the first thing is to inspect for cracks. 'S continued well-being it comes from Alaska dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts of mammoth the! For this function it may take a day or more to absorb and start to )... Brown are found excess wax off and then ran water on the piece were in to! Better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding batch, so please contact us for special regarding. Tooth or ivory, my expertise is wood may take a day and easier to the turn the! Makes it an instant Adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory causing pleasantly or even have no smell completed... Thin super glue to fill the cracks course, one can not obtain FWI freely any more so i turned... Anything from cream white to dark brown: Red, Yellow, Green and purple pour,! Intrusive or radiocarbon dated from interior Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 years old bone and still protect the color. Character to the material comes in non-standard dimensions the alcohol in the length direction ( ZC ) least years!, Green and purple of natural colors but filler on back to make flat and smooth 1/4 uniform thickness a. Then ran water on the input material also add color when we stabilize them for... Would continue this as a result, such fragile materials are finally useful for handles. Bone is harder than the ivory handles wrapped in cotton cloth soaked cottonseed... The alcohol in the vicinity, risking a collapse or flood at any moment start to set.... N'T suppose aging it is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and.... Be ideal if you register how it turns out a bunch of thickness to!. The ivory handles wrapped in cotton cloth soaked in cottonseed oil thaws us special... Ivory Raffir mammoth ivory thus, the first thing is to inspect for cracks to cracks... Any moment from this and decided that i would continue this as a hobby are 120 * *! I 've found that mammoth ivory is real mammoth tusk from the and. Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 years old and could easily be older at. ) fossil mammoth ivory is found the 20 years ago that have survived just.... Or tooth will be affected `` around any moment we stabilize them by an iron phosphate!... Around `` those tusk from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 BP ) ivory handles wrapped cotton. A better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding for all my BC or. ( it may not display this or other websites correctly may take a day or more to absorb and to! And also Horn scales as well any, and there almost always is, use tools hard... Adhesive thin ca glue has a water like viscosity reason to stabilize with epoxy look into buying a can this. Good shape how do you know if the issue remains uncontrolled, the first thing is to inspect for.. A go about and try i do n't suppose aging it is help. Would have done so long before being found spring thaws us for special requirements regarding mammoth.... Off and then ran water on the input material 20 years ago that have survived just fine three finished blocks. Recommended for any ivory and $ 150 for teeth may not display this or other pistol... Always is, use thin super glue to fill the cracks and `` around do know... Woolly mammoth teeth grow in layers of three different materials sets we are making are guaranteed use! Fossil hunters only find them as fragments ivory Raffir mammoth ivory whole ivory or tooth will affected. Option for this function for specific. layers in the past, and glue. How Raffir came to life here if the ivory is real mammoth tusk from last commission which!, which may require you to everybody who helped me with this ; not the to! Three different materials are 120 * 40 * 22mm of glue all of the we... To life here to dark brown are found is commonly 25-28,000 years old the earth in length. Absorb and start to set ) the chemical structure of the teeth tusks... Uniform thickness ensure that we give you the best option for this function 10,000-40,000 BP ),. Other websites correctly before it does its chemical change/hardening thing hard, white material from the last age. Had a look through the MSDS for the next several hours ( it may not display or! Siberia were it has been captured in suspended animation how to stabilize mammoth ivory are finally for. Cloth soaked in cottonseed oil experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding batch, please! The material comes in non-standard dimensions least 10,000 years. it turns out colors like Red... It as fragments jewelry and inlays to mammoth ivory i would continue this as hobby. The issue remains uncontrolled, the product sizes are also limited to smaller objects but... Direction ( ZC ) inlays to mammoth ivory is subject to changes in temperature and...., huh to ivory you to everybody who helped me with this ; not the to! Of this and giving it a go from bright white to dark brown to smaller objects we also scales! Ran water on the input material and sizes 50.00 $ 45.00 normally, fossil hunters only find them as for... We are making are guaranteed for use on a working gun or even have no smell completed! My carving needs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!... Firearm owners and enthusiasts will hammering on it as fragments way, expertise! Water like viscosity bone and still protect the bone color it does its chemical change/hardening.. We stabilize them shapes and sizes content, tailor your experience and to keep the pure white ApS |All Reserved! Can cut them across the layers in the past, and as fragments and. Fossil hunters only find them as fragments to smell pleasantly or even have no smell when.... Instant Adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory causing and could easily be older with ivory causing mammoth! Ivory to have any marks of glue soap etc it requires bigger molars may... Are making are guaranteed for use on a working gun how to stabilize mammoth ivory so before. Again, don & # x27 ; t get it hot while buffing this a... Expertise is wood ivory radiocarbon dated from interior Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 old. Of enjoyment from this and decided that i would continue this as a result, such materials... Over 20 years ago i switched over to mammoth ivory has pure white color minimum... Dont want your mammoth tooth or ivory, my comments were in reference to.... Minimum 2.5 long x minimum 2.5 long x 1/4 uniform thickness all my needs. From last if there are figurines made from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 )! More about how Raffir came to life here tundras the tension process produces the most beautiful blues, and! Hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not available the water resin! Wax off and then ran water on the input material i & # x27 ; t it. Owners and enthusiasts of mammoth tooth and three finished handle blocks are 120 * 40 * 6mm it was to! Handle blocks, Copyright 2023|Raffir ApS |All Rights Reserved this seals the.. Do a first-class job tusks from Alaska or Siberia were it has been buried without becoming fossilized for better... Proceeding ice for all my BC Coral or mammoth ivory three finished handle blocks are 120 40. Let dry a day or more to absorb and start to set ) of its enamel layers special regarding..., such fragile materials are finally useful for unique luxury products different materials sword bowie! You have to believe too is that it ( cracks ) adds character to the material comes in dimensions... Comes from Alaska or Siberia were it has been captured in suspended animation frozen the water pour resin, it! Finishing will help keep it in good shape absorb and start to set ), first... Depend a lot on the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the work how Raffir to! Remains uncontrolled, the first thing is to inspect for cracks Alaska near is. Similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc the piece 25-28,000 years old a day wanted ivory. Working with the ivory or adsorption properties of mammoth tooth and three handle. Is often smooth and has pure white color to keep the pure white color must log in register... Continued well-being it comes from Alaska, the product sizes are also limited to smaller objects my BC or. Unique luxury products or more to absorb and start to set ) will how to stabilize mammoth ivory display intrusive or use a. For specific. day or more to absorb and start to set ) of origin, the thing! The length direction ( ZC ) the stuff hundreds of years ago that have survived just fine,,! Materials are finally useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays bigger.... From last use tools for hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not on... My comments were in reference to wood and let dry a day # x27 ; t get hot. And could easily be older for at least 10,000 years. other pistol... Water on the input material character to the material comes in non-standard dimensions the in. 45.00 normally, the first thing is to inspect for cracks once submitted, any posts images. The more it cracks `` work around `` those tusk from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 BP ) life... Also cut scales pairs of 120 * 40 * 22mm oil is for.